Coolants

How to choose antifreeze based on vehicle type?

Antifreeze is crucial for maintaining the engine temperature within optimal limits, preventing fluid from freezing in colder conditions, and protecting the cooling system from corrosion. Additionally, antifreeze prevents scale deposits and ensures lubrication of vital parts of the cooling system. Inappropriate antifreeze can cause corrosion, deposit buildup, reduced cooling efficiency, and eventually lead to overheating and serious engine damage. Therefore, selecting the right antifreeze for your vehicle is of utmost importance.

Types of antifreeze and their characteristics

There are several main types of antifreeze, which differ in chemical composition, color, and properties. Here are the most common types of antifreeze:

1. Inorganic Acid Technology (IAT)

IAT antifreeze is a traditional type used for decades. It contains silicates and phosphates that provide corrosion protection, but they wear out over time, requiring more frequent changes. It is most commonly found in older vehicles produced before 1990. It is recommended to change this type of antifreeze every two years or 50,000 kilometers.

2. Organic Acid Technology (OAT)

OAT antifreeze is a modern type that uses organic acid to prevent corrosion. It provides long-lasting protection, with change intervals usually between five and seven years or 250,000 kilometers. It is primarily used in newer European, Asian, and American vehicles. OAT antifreeze is not compatible with IAT antifreeze, so it is important not to mix the two types.

3. Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT)

HOAT antifreeze combines the best features of IAT and OAT technologies. It contains organic acids and corrosion inhibitors such as silicates, making it an excellent choice for vehicles that require high corrosion protection. The replacement interval is similar to OAT antifreeze, and this type is often used in vehicles produced by European and American manufacturers.

4. NAP-free HOAT

This type of HOAT antifreeze is further refined for vehicles requiring formulations free of nitrites, amines, or phosphates. It is most commonly used in high-performance vehicles and those designed for extreme driving conditions.

How to choose the right antifreeze based on your vehicle type?

When selecting antifreeze, it is important to follow the vehicle manufacturer's recommendations. Each manufacturer provides specific guidelines on the type of antifreeze that is optimal for a particular model. Additionally, consider the following factors:

1. Vehicle type and engine

Different types of vehicles have different antifreeze requirements. For example:
● Passenger vehicles: Most passenger vehicles use OAT or HOAT antifreeze, but it's always best to check the specifications in the vehicle manual.
● Commercial vehicles: Trucks and vans often require special antifreeze formulations tailored to their heavier workloads.
● High-performance vehicles: Sports cars and luxury vehicles typically require advanced HOAT or NAP-free HOAT formulations that offer top-notch protection in extreme conditions.

2. Climate and driving conditions

If you live in an area with extremely low or high temperatures, it is important to choose antifreeze with an appropriate temperature range. Also, vehicles that are driven in harsh conditions (e.g., frequent uphill driving or heavy traffic) may require formulations that better withstand high temperatures and more intense engine operation.

3. Compatibility and mixing antifreeze

It is very important not to mix different types of antifreeze, as this can lead to sediment formation, reduced cooling efficiency, and possible engine damage. If you are unsure which type of antifreeze is in your vehicle, it is best to completely drain the cooling system before adding a new type of antifreeze.

How to properly check antifreeze levels?

Regular checking of antifreeze levels is key to maintaining the proper operation of the cooling system. Follow these steps:

1. Check the level: Check the antifreeze level when the engine is cold. The fluid level should be between the "Min" and "Max" marks on the reservoir.

2. Check the color: The antifreeze should retain its color. If you notice a color change (e.g., dark brown), it’s a sign it needs replacement.

3. Adding antifreeze: If the level is not optimal, add the appropriate type of antifreeze as recommended by the manufacturer.

How to properly replace antifreeze?

Proper antifreeze replacement involves several key steps:

1. Check the condition of the existing antifreeze - Use an antifreeze tester to check the freezing and boiling point of the fluid.

2. Drain the old antifreeze - Fully drain the old antifreeze, including from the heater and all connected pipes.

3. Flush the cooling system - Use distilled water or a specialized cleaner to flush out residue and deposits.

4. Make the correct mixture - Most antifreezes are mixed in a 50:50 ratio with distilled water, but always check the manufacturer's instructions.

5. Refill the cooling system - Refill the system with new antifreeze and bleed any air from the system.

6. Check the antifreeze level after driving - Once the vehicle reaches operating temperature, check the antifreeze level and top off if necessary.

How to keep your cooling system in optimal condition?

Regular checking of antifreeze levels and the condition of the cooling system is essential for long-term vehicle reliability. It is recommended to inspect the cooling system at least twice a year, before summer and winter. Additionally, avoid mixing different types of antifreeze, as this can cause sediment formation and reduce the cooling system's efficiency.